Differences in Leading Treatments for Heart Failure

EP: 1.Heart Failure Clinical and Economic Burden

EP: 2.The Progressive Nature of Heart Failure

EP: 3.Link Between LVEF, NT-ProBNP and Cardiac Remodeling

EP: 4.Improved Understanding of Heart Failure

EP: 5.Treatment Goals for Patients With Heart Failure

EP: 6.The HFrEF Standard of Care

EP: 7.Heart Failure Management Unmet Needs

EP: 8.Utilization Management Strategies for Appropriate Treatment

EP: 9.Challenges in the Management of HFpEF

EP: 10.Differences in Standard of Care: HFpEF vs HFrEF

EP: 11.Ensuring Timely and Appropriate Access to Therapy

EP: 12.Differences in Economic Burden: HFpEF and HFrEF

EP: 13.PROVE-HF Trial Overview

EP: 14.PARAGON-HF Trial Overview

EP: 15.Recent Findings from the PARALLAX Study

EP: 16.Promising Findings From the TOPCAT Study

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EP: 17.Differences in Leading Treatments for Heart Failure

EP: 18.When to Add an SGLT2 Inhibitor to Treatment Regimen

EP: 19.Heart Failure Sites of Care

EP: 20.How Approved Agents Will Change the Standard of Care

EP: 21.Heart Failure Management During COVID-19

John McMurray, MBChB: The 2 treatments that may be beneficial for at least in some patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction are sacubitril-valsartan and spironolactone. They are quite distinct, but they are also complementary. Sacubitril-valsartan is 2 drugs. Valsartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker that blocks the harmful effects of angiotensin 2 in the heart, the kidneys, and the blood vessels. Sacubitril is a neprilysin inhibitor. Neprilysin is an enzyme that breaks down natriuretic peptides and the other vasoactive substances. We believe that these are beneficial in heart failure, so if you inhibit the enzyme that breaks them down, you increase their levels, and we believe that those peptides bring about beneficial effects, stimulating the kidneys to excrete more sodium in water, thereby inhibiting pathological growth like fibrosis, mycotrophic, for example. On the other hand, spironolactone is a drug that blocks the action of corticosteroids, including aldosterone and its receptor. We believe that aldosterone is harmful in the kidneys and the heart; therefore, you could envision both treatments being used together. They do different things. One would anticipate that their benefits would be additive and incremental because they are in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.