Among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction were highly associated with an increased risk of death. Mortality risk was more strongly associated with the use of long-acting muscarinic antagonists and N-acetylcysteine compared with the lesser risk from inhaled corticosteroids, beta-blockers, and acetylsalicylic acid, according to study findings.